With increased blood pressure (blood pressure) or hypertension, as a rule, pensioners suffer, although recent disease has become more and more to appear among young people.At the same time, people often do not doubt a serious problem, many write headaches on inferior dream or bad weather.The lack of high pressure treatment can lead to the development of stroke, cardiac shock.Therefore, the main causes of hypertension takes in detail for timely disease detection.
What is hypertension
Arterial hypertension (hypertension), hypertension or hypertennity is a serious chronic disease, characterized by permanent increase in blood pressure (while the systolic upper pressure indicators are greater than 140 mm and lower pressure above 90 mm Hg).Hypertension is the most common disease of the cardiovascular system.Increasing blood pressure in boats occurs due to the narrowing of arteries and their small branches - arteriol.
The value of blood pressure depends on the peripheral resistance, vessel elasticity.With the irritation of the receptor of the hypothalamus, in larger quantities, renin-angiotensin-aldosteron hormones that cause cramps of microcode and arteries, thickening their walls, the increase in blood viscosity begins to produce.This leads to arterial hypertension, which ultimately becomes irreversibly, stable.There are two shapes of high pressure:
- Essentially (primary).It is 95% of cases of hypertension.The reason for this form is the totality of different factors (heredity, bad ecology, excess weight).
- Secondary.Makes up 5% of cases of hypertension.High blood pressure in this form causes body disorders (kidney, liver, heart disease).
The initial phase of disease or its hidden course may be suspected if a person has been observed:
- Worsening memory;
- headache;
- unmotivated sensation of anxiety;
- Chillity;
- Hyperhidrosis (increased sweating);
- small spots in front of the eyes;
- finger stiffness;
- Hyperemia (redness) of the front area of the front area;
- heart heart;
- irritability;
- Low performance;
- Swelling of the face in the morning.
Causes of hypertension
With the normal functioning of the body, the heart drives blood through all floors, delivering nutrients and oxygen in cells.If the arteries lose the elasticity or kla, the heart begins stronger, the blood vessel tone also increases their diameter of coastals, leading to high pressure.Hypertension attack occurs due to the disorder of the autonomous and central nervous system, which are closely related to emotions.Therefore, when a person annoys, it often begins to increase pressure.
After 60 years, the development of arterial hypertension is associated with the appearance of atherosclerosis (chronic arteries) when the cholesterol plaque overlapped normally blood flow.In this case, the upper patient pressure can be increased to 170 mm Hg.Art., And the lower lower is less than 90 mm Hg.Art.Also, many doctors identify the general causes of arterial hypertension:
- Violation of blood circulation of all vital organs;
- Psycho -emotional recounted;
- Saving muscles of cervical vertebrae;
- Genetic pathology;
- Reduction of elasticity, thickening of blood vessels;
- Hypokinesia (sitting lifestyle);
- hormone changes;
- Internal bodies diseases (liver, kidneys).
- Excessive salt consumption;
- Bad habits.
In men
The appearance of hypertension, as a rule, is subject to men aged 35 to 50.High blood pressure is diagnosed with patients who already have a stable form of illness.This is due to the fact that men ignore the first signs of the disease.Often the causes of high blood pressure in strong half of humanity provoke their work.The disease affects those people whose activities are associated with great physical and mental stress.Responsible workers suffer from illness, for whom every mistake is always strong stress.Other causes of hypertension in men:
- Smoking, alcohol abuse;
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Disrespecting of food rules (fast food, sweets);
- Kidney diseases (glomerulonephritis, chickenphritis, urolithiasis);
- taking drugs (colds of colds, colds, sleeping tablets or hormonal drugs);
- neglect physical activity;
- Problems with blood vessels (atherosclerosis);
- Traumatization of the central nervous system (central nervous system).
In women
The symptoms of the arterial hypertension manifestation in women and men are not particularly different (lack of breath, headache, earache, dizziness), but weaker sex is much more likely to meet such a disease.The causes of hypertension in women may differ from similar to men, and that is due to hormones.There are even such forms of diseases that are not characteristic of a strong sex at all - it is hypertension with menopause and during pregnancy.
As a rule, in women, hypertension is diagnosed during menopause (after 45 - 50 years).The body at this point passes significant changes: the number of estrogen produced begins.In addition, the causes of hypertension in women can be as follows:
- Reception of contraceptives;
- Stress, overload;
- Insufficient quantity of potassium in the body;
- hypodynamia (sitting lifestyle);
- excess body weight;
- Bad nutrition;
- childbirth;
- bad habits (alcoholism, smoking);
- Mellitus diabetes;
- cholesterol metabolism;
- Kidney Pathology, adrenal glands;
- vascular diseases;
- Obstructive apnea syndrome (respiratory arrest).
In a young age
Hypertonic disease is rarely noticed in people under the age of 25.Often increasing blood pressure in a young age is associated with neurocircular distinion (a complex of cardiovascular system disorders), when only the above pressure indicators are changed.The cause of these children's violations can be a major burden during school hours.In almost all cases, high blood pressure in the child is the result of the pathology of the endocrine system, I.E.Children's hypertension is usually secondary.The development of arterial hypertension in young age can have other causes:
- hereditary factor;
- Overeating, use of large amounts of salt;
- Weather conditions;
- Diseases of the spinal column.
- electromagnetic, sound radiation;
- Nerve surgery;
- Kidney pathology;
- Entry of drugs that affect the state of blood pressure;
- excess weight;
- Lack of potassium in the body.
- non-compliance with rest mode.
Reasons for the development of hypertension
The phenomenon of hypertension in 90% of patients is associated with cardiovascular problems (atherosclerosis, painful heart, etc.).The remaining 10% relate to symptomatic hypertension, I.E.High blood pressure is a sign of other diseases (kidney inflammation, adrenal tumors, narrowing of renal arteries), hormonal malfunction, diabetes, traumatic brain injury and stress.The risk factors for the development of hypertension are classified according to two indicators:
- Off.The reasons for which a person cannot affect.This includes:
- Heredity.Arterial hypertension is considered a disease transferred through genes.Therefore, if the family had patients with hypertension, there is a chance that the jar appears in the next generation.
- Physiological factor.Men from the middle part are subject to diseases than fairer sex.This is explained by the fact that in a period of 20 to 50 years, the body of women produces more sexual hormones that performs a protective function.
- Changed.Factors that depend on the person, his way of life and decisions:
- Sedentary lifestyle;
- Excess weight;
- stress;
- bad habits;
- insomnia;
- Use of large amounts of caffeine, salt, cholesterol;
- taking medicine;
- Lifting weight;
- Time fluctuations.
Heredity
One of the predisposition factors for arterial hypertension is heredity.These can be anatomical characteristics that are transmitted with genes.They are expressed in blood flow difficulties, which affects the increase in blood pressure.The presence of hypertension in the relatives of the first relationship (mother, father, grandparents, parent brothers or sisters) means the increasiness of disease development.The risk of disease is increased if high blood pressure is chenated at once in several relatives.
As a rule, hypertension itself is genetically inherited, but only a predisposition, it is due to neuropsychic reactions and metabolic characteristics (carbohydrates, fats).Often the implementation of the tendency to the pathology of inheritance arose due to external influences: nutrition, living conditions, negative climatic factors.
Diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (heart disease, ischemia) can cause high blood pressure.With these weights, aortic gaps are partially narrowed - it means that the pressure increases.Vascular flaws in nodular polyartritis also contribute to blood pressure growth.Diabetes Mellitus is another cause of arterial hypertension.The presence of atherosclerotic plaques narrows lumen blood vessels, which is an obstacle to normal blood circulation.The heart begins to work in improved mode, creating increased pressure.Diseases that can cause hypertension:
- kidney inflammation;
- Pathologies of lymphatic system and liver;
- cervical osteochondrose;
- Breach of pancreas and thyroid glands;
- sclerosis of arteries;
- Vegetative-vascular Dystonia;
- adrenal tumor;
- Traumatic brain injuries;
- narrowing of renal arteries.
Hormone changes
Breaches of endocrine bodies (thyroid, hypothalamus, pancreas, adrenal glands) are frequent causes of high pressure.These pathological processes slow the production of sex hormones and their impact on the brain lower attachment, especially for women during menopause.Serious causes of increased blood pressure, contributing to the excessive hormone synthesis, are the following diseases:
- Kusping syndrome;
- Tyrotoxicosis (hyperthyroidism) - Increasing thyroid functions;
- Neops on adrenal glands;
- Akromegaly (damaged front pituitary function);
- Feochromocitoma (hormonal active tumor);
- To the syndrome.
Age
Hypertension, usually be seen more often in older people.This is due to the fact that with time, the arteries lose elasticity, and it has a great impact on pressure.In addition, in humans after 40 years, metabolic processes slow down, against the background of spending a large amount of high food and incorrect attitude towards food, obesity is developed, and then hypertension.
Today, such a cause of illness, such as old age, suffered changes.The disease is noticeably young, approximately 10% of adolescents are subject to pathology and, as they grow up, the percentage only increases.Each third resident after 40 years suffers from high pressure.Indeed, in addition to the natural decline of body resistance, the impact of the heroity, lifestyle, changes in lifestyle.
Life
Another cause of arterial hypertension is the lack of physical activity.Sports have a beneficial effect on blood circulation and body as a whole, but not many people choose to begin to lead an active lifestyle to protect themselves from the development of hypertension.The lack of physical exercises causes obesity and excess weight and, as a result, increased blood pressure.
Hypokinesia is a common disease of our time, when a person moves a little, and that leads to a violation of blood vessel works.Unhealthy nutrition, bad habits, improper lifestyle causes high blood pressure, as the weakening of muscle tissue and spine reduces the blood vessel tone needed for good blood circulation.The computer work also increases the risk of illness.
Diet
The next factor that contributes to the appearance of high blood pressure is poor nutrition.Salt, cute, fried, acute, smoked and greasy food often causes an unplanned increase in pressure.Indeed, remove excess sodium from the body, kidneys require a certain time.By the time it does not happen, excess salt keeps water, which causes swelling in people suffering from hypertension.
Potassa deficiency may increase blood pressure.This element helps relax the blood vessels and the body - without sodium.There are a lot of potassium in tomatoes, dairy products, cocoa, potatoes, legumes, parsley, syringe, melon, banana, green vegetables, sunflower.These products should be included in the daily diet.It is necessary to refuse fat, greasy meat and smoked meat, because they lead to excess weight and often follow high pressure.In addition, such eating products are harmful to the body:
- butter;
- canned food;
- cover;
- Thick sour cream, cream;
- sharp spices;
- Flour products;
- Tonic beverages with caffeine;
- Sweet Soda drinks.
Bad habits
A high dose of alcohol and hangover caused by this hangover negatively affects the medical condition.Regular and excessive alcohol drinking can improve heartbeats, sharply increase blood pressure, cause a heart attack.Smoking also does not affect pressure.Nicotine contributes to the increase of pulse, fast heart spending, leading to the development of coronary disease and atherosclerosis.
Tobacco and alcohol negatively affect the entire organism.When smoking and drinking alcohol, the expansion first appears, and then a sharply reduction of blood vessels, as a result of which their spasm is created and the bloodstream gets worse.Hence the increase in blood pressure.In addition, chemicals that are part of cigarettes can violate the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels, form plaques that clog arteries.
Excess weight
The common cause of hypertension is obesity and excess body weight.The excess weight occurs due to a seated lifestyle, metabolic disorders, heavy meals with a high fat, carbohydrate, salt.Open people are always at risk, because their high blood pressure increases with loads on vessels and heart.
In addition, obesity increases the cholesterol in the blood, which can cause the appearance of diabetes.Patients more than weight 3 times more often suffer from hypertension than people with normal body weight.A person with obesity is more sensitive to atherosclerosis, which is an additional factor in the appearance of high blood pressure.Weight loss Even for 5 kg will significantly reduce blood pressure and improve blood sugar.
Ecology
Many people respond painfully on time, ie.They are addicted.Even a completely healthy person who rarely in fresh air and leads a sitting way of life can be sensitive to change time.As a rule, Metecrecis in people suffering from hypertension appear in unusual climatic and landscape conditions, so before travel, prepare a road kit.
The bad ecology of the city seriously increases blood pressure, harm the cardiovascular system and developing hypertension.Even a brief effect of harmful substances that a person inhales every day can cause the development of hypertension.Three common pollutants of all modern cities - nitrogen dioxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide - negatively affect blood pressure and vascular function.
Stress
Nerve emotional strain (stress, nervous breakdown, excessive emotionality) is the most common cause of exacerbation of hypertension.For human health, any negative unaccounted and depressing emotions dangerous.Long experience of stress is a constant stress that carries blood vessels and the heart faster than it would happen in a quiet atmosphere.The consequence of the nervous breakdown is often an increase in pressure and hypertensive crisis.Stress combined with alcohol and smoking is particularly harmful, because such a combination sharply increases blood pressure.
As a rule, in a person with hypertension, the pressure is growing and persisting longer, even with light emotional stress.Gradually, with repeats of blood pressure increases, which can last longer months, the device responsible for blood pressure regulation is accustomed to the load, and the blood pressure is slowly strengthened at a specified level.